Threatened Species
Threatened species in our region
Following the recent publication of the Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020 (Garnett and Baker) it is timely to consider the change in threat status for birds in our region.
I have reviewed the new Action Plan with this in mind and the following Table lists the various species with the status of each species in the 2010 Action Plan and then the same species status in the 2020 Action Plan. The assessments made in each case are based on criteria used by IUCN in determining conservation status at the global level. The conclusions in the recently released 2020 Action Plan are those of the authors and experts consulted. Many of these will not yet be matched by updated assessments by either State or National Government, so the status shown is an expert view (not necessarily legal at this point). It is however highly likely that State and National assessments will be aligned with the Action Plan eventually. As far as BirdLife Australia is concerned, the level of threats indicated in the Action Plan is a call for action.
There are 58 species covered in the Table and 9 of these are now considered as Least Concern (LC). The remaining 49 species are assessed as having some level of conservation concern. In some cases, with migratory species, the principal threats may be outside of Australia. But in many cases, there are local threats that we can address at State or National level. In very few cases is there a recovery plan available to guide actions. The last column provides brief comment.
IUCN Conservation status
Northern Queensland species
Species | 2010 | 2020 | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Bower’s Shrike-thrush | LC | V | Climate change T&R |
Eastern Whipbird (WT) | LC | V | Climate change T&R |
Victoria’s Riflebird | LC | V | Climate change T&R |
Grey-headed Robin | LC | NT | Climate change T&R |
White-bellied Crimson Finch | NT | LC | Hot fire, overgrazing |
Star Finch (CY) | NT | LC | Fire management, grazing (limited) |
Black-throated Finch (north) | LC | LC | Over grazing, fire, (limited) |
Gouldian Finch | NT | LC | Over-grazing, fire frequency |
Southern Cassowary | V | LC | Stable pop and habitat |
White-throated Needletail | LC | V | Wind turbines OZ, habitat loss in Northern Hemisphere |
Sarus Crane | LC | LC | Global V |
Beach Stone-curlew | LC | LC | Global NT |
Grey Plover | NT | V | OZ beach dogs; Stopover habitat loss |
Lesser Sand Plover | E | E | OZ nil, stopover sites |
Greater Sand Plover | V | NT | OZ nil, stopover sites |
Australian Painted Snipe | E | E | Wetland loss |
Whimbrel | NT | LC | OZ nil, habitat loss |
Far Eastern Curlew | V | E | OZ disturbance, dogs; stopover and habitat |
Bar-tailed Godwit | V | E | OZ disturbance, dogs; stopover and habitat |
Black-tailed Godwit | NT | E | OZ nil, stopover and habitat |
Ruddy Turnstone | NT | E | OZ disturbance; stopover habitat GW |
Great Knot | V | NT | OZ nil, stopover, habitat |
Red Knot | V | V | OZ disturbance, dogs; stopover, habitat GW |
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper | LC | V | OZ droughts; stopover, habitat |
Curlew Sandpiper | V | E | OZ drought, disturbance, dogs; stopover, habitat |
Red-necked Stint | LC | NT | OZ drought; stopover, habitat |
Asian Dowitcher | NT | V | OZ nil; stopover |
Latham’s Snipe | LC | V | OZ drought, fires; habitat |
Terek Sandpiper | LC | V | OZ nil, stopover, habitat |
Grey-tailed Tattler | LC | LC | OZ nil; stopover minor |
Common Greenshank | LC | V | OZ nil; stopover and habitat |
Buff-breasted Button-quail | E | CE | Habitat loss, fires, grazing, probable cats |
Little Tern | LC | V | Nest losses, mainly NSW; disturbance |
Fairy Tern (Indo-Pacific) | V | V | Nest loss; sea level rise, mainland pigs |
Cape York Masked Owl | LC | NT | Overgrazing, habitat change, cats |
Barking Owl (Southern) | NT | NT | Habitat loss, prey shortage, rodenticides |
Southern Boobook | LC | NT | Rodenticides, nest sites, feral bees |
Letter-winged Kite | NT | NT | Prey shortage, cats |
Red Goshawk | NT | E | Habitat loss, fire? |
Grey Falcon | V | V | Limited threats, GW? |
Glossy Black-Cockatoo | LC | V | Occurrence unclear |
Palm Cockatoo | V | E | Habitat loss, mining, tree hollow loss |
Golden-shouldered Parrot | E | E | Cattle grazing; fire management, habitat |
Wet Tropics King Parrot | LC | E | Climate change, Temp and Rainfall variation |
Eclectus Parrot | NT | E | Cyclone damage (nest hollows) |
Tooth-billed Bowerbird | LC | NT | Climate change T&R |
Golden Bowerbird | LC | NT | Climate change T&R |
Wet Tropics Satin Bowerbird | LC | NT | Climate change T&R |
Little Treecreeper | LC | NT | Climate change T&R |
Purple-crowned Fairywren (E) | NT | V | Grazing, weeds, fire |
Carpentarian Grasswren | NT | V | Severe fires |
Kalkadoon Grasswren | LC | V | Severe fires |
Lewin’s Honeyeater (Mc.Ra) | LC | V | Climate change, poor data |
Fernwren | LC | E | Climate change T&R |
Brown Gerygone (WT) | LC | E | Climate change T&R |
Atherton Scrubwren | LC | V | Climate change T&R |
Large-billed Scrubwren (WT) | LC | V | Climate change T&R |
Mountain Thornbill | LC | V | Climate change T&R |
Table I – Change in Conservation Status 2010–2020, bird species within BirdLife Northern Queensland regional interest
LC = Least Concern; NT = Near Threatened; V = Vulnerable; E = Endangered; CE = Critically Endangered; in decreasing order of security. T&R = Temperature and Rainfall; GW = Global Warming.
Data taken from Garnett, ST, Baker, GB (2021) The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. 808 pp
Take home message
In the decade between assessments, six species in our region have gone from a less secure to a more secure status. These are the good news outcomes, although that change is mainly about better data allowing better assessment. Twelve species retain the threat status of the previous assessment, which while disappointing at least does not imply a declining situation. But most worrying is the fact that forty species have gone from a more secure situation to a less secure one in the past decade.
Fourteen of these species are wet tropics taxa threatened by climate change and we now know about their situation thanks to the long-running surveys of Steve Williams (and others). The quality of those data enable much confidence in the results and should be an immediate wake-up call to the Australian Government about the urgency of a much stronger response on climate change. Some of the species of concern are international waders, where the principal threats often include climate change in their northern hemisphere breeding grounds. But for some of those species disturbance on their Australian feeding grounds, from humans and unrestrained dogs, is a serious issue and we can take local action.
Little thorough survey work is being done and the Williams work has ceased; there are many species for which we do not know the status, and others for whom we may have got it wrong. But enough indicators do raise serious concerns for our birds. Some species might be absent because this work only concerns IUCN Conservation Status. For example, Macleay’s Fig Parrot (our local Wet Tropics subspecies) has not been listed by IUCN but is listed as Vulnerable under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act, although in this case I believe it is simply an administrative error within the Department. For some of these species the work of BirdLife Northern Queensland has been a significant contributor to knowledge about them.
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